Properties of zeolites.
I’d like to talk about zeolite. The widespread use of molecular sieves can be explained by due to their unusual properties. I mean the ability of zeolites to adsorb water vapor or different substances in a gaseous state. The matter is that the cations of zeolites can be easily exchanged for any other positive ions. The outer surface of zeolite granules are just small sized fractions of a square shape. And I should say that their adsorbed layer is based on their geometric dimensions. In fact the set of channels and cavities creates a system of pores, which surface can include hundreds of square meters per 1 g. The internal surface of zeolite ranges from 10 000 to 100 000 values of the external surface. These properties of zeolites are widely used in different spheres of human life.
In many cases it’s possible to use zeolites instead of other adsorbents such as activated carbon, silica gel and others. The properties of zeolites are known all over the world and in many areas of science we can notice numerous traces of their application such as inorganic, organic, physical and colloid chemistry, biochemistry, mineralogy, geology, surface chemistry, oceanography, crystallography, catalysis and so on. Among the various examples of using zeolites I can mention such things as isolation and purification of normal paraffin hydrocarbons, catalytic reactions of hydrocarbons, drying of refrigerants, separation of the components of air carriers to obtain the catalysts, curing process of plastics and rubber, extraction of radioactive isotopes from liquid nuclear waste, emissions of carbon dioxide and sulfur compounds from natural gas. I can also add that we can use zeolite traps to get a real vacuum.
Zeolites absorb and emit not only water but also various other molecules and without changing the crystal structure. But to be honest the absorption capacity of natural zeolite is rather small. In addition, they tend to absorb only small-sized molecules. I mean water, oxygen and therefore they are not used as adsorbents. In fact they do not have special advantages over amorphous aluminosilicate catalysts for various transformations, especially cracking. However, the presence of cations makes zeolites capable of ion exchange in the aquatic environment. It is seen that the volume of the zeolite is permeated with channels, the diameter their ports is 0.26 nm, which coincides with the size of water molecules.
Synthetic zeolites are being actively implemented in other processes of chemical technology such as hydro – cracking, catalytic cracking occurring in the presence of hydrogen at high pressure, removing impurities and nitrogen-containing impurities from petroleum fractions, petroleum chemical synthesis and so on. But anyway I’d like to stress that in spite of some shortcomings closely connected with the absorption capacity mentioned above liquid zeolite is a pretty good thing for detoxification of human bodies, because in this case the absorption activity of this mineral is rather satisfactory enabling us to get rid of heavy metals stored inside of us.
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